Introduction
The digital transformation of industries is essential today, with IT/OT convergence as a major pillar. The integration of data management systems with industrial equipment optimizes productivity, security, and process efficiency, while posing cybersecurity challenges.
Understanding IT and OT Worlds
IT (Information Technology): Encompasses technologies that manage, store, and secure digital data (network infrastructure, cybersecurity, databases, ERP/CRM systems).
OT (Operational Technology): All technologies that supervise and control physical industrial processes (PLC controllers, sensors, SCADA systems).
Reasons for IT/OT Convergence
Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure
Increasing interconnection exposes industry to sophisticated threats. The attack on the Ukrainian power grid (2015) demonstrates how compromised computer workstations can disrupt SCADA systems.
Improved Operational Efficiency
Real-time collection and analysis of industrial data enables a global vision and informed decision-making, optimizing resources and reducing energy losses.
Innovation and Competitiveness
IoT and AI integration in OT facilitates intelligent automation and production chain optimization, although requiring significant investment.
Predictive Maintenance
Leveraging OT sensor data through advanced IT tools enables anomaly detection before failures, reducing unplanned downtime. Effectiveness depends on data quality and analysis models.
Regulatory Compliance
Convergence unifies monitoring and reporting systems, facilitating compliance with strict safety, environmental, and data management standards.
Challenges of IT/OT Convergence
Cultural and Technical Differences
IT prioritizes cybersecurity and data management; OT prioritizes safety and availability. This divergence slows collaboration.
Adapted Cybersecurity
OT systems operate for long periods without interruption, making security patches complex. Network segmentation and behavioral analysis are essential.
Digital Skills
Convergence requires hybrid profiles mastering both IT and industrial environments. OT cybersecurity, industrial cloud, and data analysis skills remain rare.
Conclusion
IT/OT convergence profoundly transforms industries, optimizing operations, anticipating risks, and reducing costs. However, it requires a progressive approach combining training, infrastructure adaptation, and tailored cybersecurity solutions.